The Need for Complete and Accurate Accounting Information
- The need for full and accurate accounting information
- Functions of accounting: recording and analysing transactions; reports and statements
- Limitations of financial statements
- Accounting terms and meanings
Capital and Business Finance
- Initial capital and financing businesses; sole proprietors, partnerships, companies
- Working capital, income & expenditure, cash flow and liquidity
- Financial decisions and investments
- Financial assets, gearing and risk; investment appraisal
Principles of Bookkeeping and Books of Account
- Principles of bookkeeping, the ledge, double-entry bookkeeping
- Books of account: cash book, sales book, purchases book, returns books, journals
- The trial balance, manual and computerised accounts
- Bank accounts: current, deposits, savings, interest
Final Accounts (1)
- Financial accounting concepts
- Goodwill, prepayments and accruals
- Trading and manufacturing accounts
- Statistics, percentages and ratios
Final Accounts (2)
- Profit & loss accounts; information, layout, interpretation
- Balance sheets; information, layout, interpretation, equity
- Analysis, ratios, calculations
- Gross profit, net profit, wealth; stock turnover
Principles of Costing
- Purposes, benefits and limitations of cost accounting; key terminology
- Different costing systems explained
- Overheads and allocation
- Standards, variances, activity based costing
Planning and Forecasting, Budgets and Budgeting
- Business objectives, policy formulation; interpretation and implementation
- Financial planning and forecasting
- Budgets and budget preparation; sub-budgets and the master budget
- Budgetary control, variances; inflation
Stock and Inventory Control
- Stock management and control; inventory costs
- Factors affecting the management of stocks and inventory
- Stock levels; factors affecting levels set; types of levels
- Stocktaking and valuation of stocks and work in progress
Credit, Credit Control, Discounts
- Types and common forms of credit
- The role and importance of credit
- Credit control, credit limits and creditworthiness, dangers and bad debts
- Discounts: types, purposes, accounting treatment
Partnership Accounts, Departmental and Branch Accounts, Hire Purchase
- Special features of business partnership accounts, goodwill
- Departmental accounts; purposes, analysis, apportioning expenses
- Branch accounts; centralised, decentralised, consolidated trading, p&l and balance sheets
- Hire purchase, accounting treatment, agreements
Interpretation of Final Accounts, Pricing Policy, Auditors and Auditing
- Working capital management, cash and funds flows, liquidity, borrowing
- Accounting ratios, interpretation & analysis, break-even analysis
- Pricing policy, factors influencing selling prices
- Auditing and auditors; duties, activities
Computerised Accounting Systems and ‘Packages’
- Computers in accounting, characteristics of computers and systems
- Components of accounting systems; hardware, software, databases
- Applications and advantages of computerised accounting
- Organisation and security of data; management information